Yesterday night, I translated an article. The title is "City, District, County, Town: What Are the Differences?" The URL of it is learningen
Its contexts were, in the United States, a) the term "state" is used instead of "province," both of which are translated as "州" (しゅう, shuu) in Japanese; b) a city is larger than a town; c) a county is larger than a city and has its own administrative body (government) to handle local issues. I was interested in this latter trait of it, which differs from "郡" (ぐん, gun), the equivalent term in Japanese to a county. I don't know the details on it, however, people who are elected shall control that county government; d) a district seems to be just an administrative division, which doesn't have its own elected government. That refers to school districts, voting districts, and so on.
If you please, have a look at my translation blog.